The term comes from the Old English word "Angle" and refers to a Germanic people of the northern lowlands that settled in eastern England in the 5th century AD. The name "England" is taken from the Old English word "Engaland" which means "land of the Angles." The word "English" is likewise taken from the word "Englisc" meaning "of the Angles." In Lower Latin, England was referred to as Anglia.
This Middle English term is derived from the Old French word "Breton," which in turn is derived from the Latin words "Brito," or "Britto." The Britons were an early Celtic people living in south Britain at the time of the Roman invasion into the British Isles. "Breton" also refers to a region in the northwestern section of France and was also called Bretagne.
This term is derived from many different sources. The Breton word "Celte" is derived from the Latin term "Celta" (plural form is "Celtae") and the Greek word "Keltoi." The word "Celt" refers to several groups who lived in central and western Europe and can be broken down into two categories: Brythonic Celts and Goidelic Celts.
The Brythonic Celts were made up of the Welsh (or Cymru), Bretons and Cornish who lived in Wales, Brittany and Cornwall. The Goidelic Celts were made up of the Irish and Scots (or Gaels) and Manx who lived in Ireland (Eiru), Highland Scotland (Alba or Caledonia) and the Isle of Man. Those who lived in Lowland Scotland were typically a mixture of Gael, Britons, Saxons and other ethnic groups.
This term typically refers to a language, closely related to Breton and Welsh, which was spoken until about 1800. The area is located in south western Britain.
This word is a contraction derived from the Gaelic word "Gaidheal," which is similar to the Irish word "Gaedheal," the Old Irish word "Goidel," and the Welsh word "Gwyddel." The Gaels were Celts who lived in Ireland (Eiru), Highland Scotland (Alba or Caledonia) and the Isle of Man.
Very often this term is used interchangeably with the term Celt. It is a French term derived from the Frankish word "Walha," which means "foreigners." This also is similar to the Celtic word "Wahlos" and the Latin term "Volcae."
Gaul is an ancient region in western Europe consisting of what is now mainly France and Belgium. After the 5th century BC, this area also was called Transalpine Gaul. Another area in western Italy was occupied by the Gauls in the 4th century BC and was called Cisalpine Gaul.
Gaul was also an ancient division of the Roman Empire, which included both Transalpine and Cisalpine Gaul (1st through 5th century AD).
This Middle English word (plural "Jutae") is derived from the Old English term "Iotas" which is derived from the Old Norse term "Iotar." The Jutes were composed of several Germanic tribes who lived in Jutland, invaded southeastern England in the 5th century AD and settled in what is now Kent.
The Jutland peninsula is located in northern Europe and forms the mainland of Denmark and the northern part of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein.
This term is a result of the transposition of sounds derived from the obsolete word "Maniske." "Maniske" is derived from the Old Norse word "Manskr" which is derived from the Welsh (Cymru) term "Manau" or the Old Irish word "Manu." The Goidelic Celt language spoken on the Isle of Man is now nearly extinct.
This term comes from the Old French word "Normant," or Middle Latin word "Normannus." Both words derive from the Frankish term "Nortman," itself derived from the word "nort," akin to the Old English words for "north" and "man."
The term Norman can be used to describe any of the Scandinavians who occupied Normandy an area on the west coast of France in the 10th century AD, and their descendants who conquered England under William of Normandy in 1066.
This word is probably derived from the Dutch term "Noorsch," a Norwegian variant of "Nordsch," itself derived from "noord" meaning "northish." This term also refers to medieval Scandinavians and Vikings.
The word "Saxon" comes from the Old English word "Seaxan," which is derived from the Old High German word "sahs," meaning "sword or knife." It is also derived from the Latin words "saxum," meaning "rock or stone" and "secare," meaning "to cut." The knife-bearing Saxons were an ancient Germanic tribe of people from northern Germany who invaded and conquered parts of England in the 5th and 6th centuries AD.
Saxony, or its Lower Latin term Saxonia, was a medieval duchy in northeastern Germany, at the base of the Jutland peninsula in what is now called Lower Saxony.
This section on The Ancient Peoples © Copyright Lisa A. Paitz Spindler
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